Career Advice From a Professional Stage Makeup Artist

What does it take to become a makeup artist for the theater? Well, when seeking career advice, it’s best to contact an expert. Judi Lewin has worked as a professional hair and makeup artist for over thirty-five years. We caught up with her during a film shoot to ask her some important questions about her career. Although she has been working in the movie and television industry, we asked her if she would talk about her extensive career as a makeup designer for the legitimate stage. Getting Started While living in her hometown of Toronto, Judi had a natural talent for makeup. Whether she was applying her makeup skills on herself or her friends, she had a knack for making people look their best. It wasn’t long before many of her â€Å"theater friends† requested her help. Soon, she found herself transforming the faces—and hairstyles—of actors. Her first professional experiences took place at local theaters in Toronto, with her earliest productions being community theater musicals, such as A Chorus Line, My Fair Lady, and Annie. Her love for her craft motivated her to take on show after show and, after a couple of years of amateur productions, she began to work on a professional basis. Judi has since worked in such theaters as the Canadian Opera Company, the Santa Barbara Civic Light Opera, and the Pasadena Playhouse. Recently, she worked as the Key Makeup Designer for the new show, Happy Days—A New Musical, which was based upon the classic hit television show. Methods After accepting a job from a director, Judi reads through the script. After reading it through, she reads it a second time and makes notes, listing the characters and paying close attention to the setting. Then, she works with the director to find out â€Å"what specifically the director wants to see.† She does everything she can to learn about the director’s vision in advance before she begins the design process. Judi explained that in smaller, lower-budgeted productions, the director’s input might be all that she requires. However, the bigger the show, the more likely producers, executives, and others will want to express their opinion—and that’s when the business of the makeup artist can really get complicated. Do Your Research Judi recommends that up-and-coming makeup designers constantly gather historical images—this means finding photographs, illustrations, and other images from any era in the past to serve as inspiration or source material. Also, try to find information and visual material from and about as many different countries and cultures as possible. By gathering these images from the internet, old books, and second-hand stores, a makeup artist will increase their knowledge of different looks, eras, and lifestyles, from â€Å"aristocracy to someone who lives in the slums.† Working with Actors It is common for actors to feel insecure—sometimes about their looks, but sometimes about their performance. Occasionally, Judi has worked with a few prima donnas, but she has a weapon against rudeness. â€Å"Kill them with kindness,† she says. â€Å"Be lovely and polite.† She also mentioned that because so much time is spent together, actors often reveal personal details to their makeup artists. Her rule about that is, â€Å"Nothing leaves the makeup room.† Career Advice According to Judi, here are two reliable ways to become a professional makeup artist: Attend a Makeup School (She recommends The Makeup Designory in Burbank, California and New York City).Intern with a professional who works in both theater and television (That way the intern will learn two very different techniques).Familiarize yourself with various makeup brands and cosmetics moguls, such as Elizabeth Arden, Helena Rubinstein, and Max Factor. Benefits of the Theater One of the reasons Judi loves working in live theater so much is simply because it’s alive! â€Å"In theater, things need to happen now!† Her stage experience is a sharp contrast to her film work, in which the general rule is to work on the makeup until it is perfect. During a musical, the makeup artist has a limited amount of time to get things right—this makes the experience both challenging and fun. The excitement of live theater invigorates Judi Lewin and her fellow artists.

Jonathan Kozols Savage Inequalities Children in...

Jonathan Kozols Savage Inequalities: Children in America’s Schools In this detailed and shocking book, Jonathan Kozol describes the horrific and unjust conditions in which many children in today’s society are forced to get their education. Kozol discusses three major reasons for the discrepancies in America’s schools today: disparities of property taxes, racism, and the conflict between state and local control. The first of these reasons is that of the differences of available property tax revenues. Kozol discusses the inconsistencies in property tax revenues and the problem that the poorer districts aren’t getting the same opportunities for education as the more affluent neighborhoods. He says the reason for this is that the†¦show more content†¦The statistics he gives in the book are very startling, stating how in one school the classrooms are racially segregated. In one classroom there are all white students, maybe one or two black or Asian children. In another classroom, the â€Å"special† class, all the chi ldren are black, with maybe one white child. Kozol does not understand how one could look at this situation and deny that this is racism. Kozol says that, according to a study done by the State Commissioner of Education, â€Å"as many as three out of four blacks †¦ fail to complete high school within the traditional four-year periods† (112). The dropout rates that Kozol presents to the reader are unimaginable and very heartbreaking. Other distressing issues Kozol argues are those of magnet schools and the business approach to education, which he discusses in chapter two. In Kozol’s opinion, magnet schools do nothing but separate the children more. He says that the poorer children are not really given a chance to apply for these selective schools. Even if the information is given to the parents, many times they are not properly educated to do anything about fulfilling the necessary requirements to get their children into the special schools. He also disagrees with the business approach to education, stating that one cannot set limits on a child because the child will never strive to go beyondShow MoreRelatedJonathan Kozol1606 Words   |  7 PagesJonathan Kozol Savage Inequalities: Children in America’s Schools Jonathan Kozol, Savage Inequalities: Children in America’s Schools is an intense expose of unjust conditions in educating America’s children. Today’s society of living conditions, poverty, income, desegregation and political issues have forced inadequate education to many children across the country. Kozol discusses major reasons for discrepancies in schools: disparities of property taxes, racism and the conflict between stateRead More`` America The Beautiful, But Who Are You Beautiful For?1726 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"America the Beautiful, but who are you beautiful for?† echoes across the room, a student attending public school in South Bronx shared this two-line poem with her class as part of an assignment that her English teacher assigned. The objective: a letter to be shared with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. This story along with many others is found within the pages of Savage Inequalities. Jonathan Kozol is best known for his social activism in the education realm and providing a voice for the voiceless.Read MoreEssay on desegregation historiography1258 Words   |  6 Pagescivil rights forces was the dismantling of school systems segregated under law, despite the strong resistance, was successful in some places. Pennsylvania is one state that issued programs to integrate schools that were successful. Another topic addressed in New Perspectives on School Integration is the study of ethnic groups in schools. At the time programs only study the present or dominant ethnic group at a specific school. It changes from school to school rather than teaching ethnicities of manyRead MoreRacial Segregation And The Educational Institution964 Words   |  4 Pagesalso reproducing inequalities. This paradox can be seen in both race and gender – albeit in varying degrees. Race is a perpetuated inequality in the educational institution because of deeply rooted class boundari es (Roy, lecture 10). Even without legal segregation in schools, spatial segregation is a structural problem in American society that continues to perpetuate unequal opportunities in a vicious cycle (Massey Denton 5). Gender, which at one point faced great inequalities, no longer dealsRead More Poor Parents Must Educate Their Children Essay4226 Words   |  17 Pages A child does not show up for school for the third day in a row and the teacher notices that a pattern of absences has appeared. Is it the child’s fault? The parents’ fault? Can the school do something to stop this trend? There is a definite association between the parents of a child in poverty and the education that child does (or does not) receive, and there are many factors that play into this connection: intimidation the parents feel, expectations put on the child, parent employment, locationRead More Affirmative Action Essay4934 Words   |  20 Pagesminority who possessed better performance skills. In 1972 the Equal Employment act was passed, which expanded affirmative action into the educational systems. Schools could now use ethnic background as a justifiable reason for accepting one student over the other. During these years, the increase in minority affiliation in the work force and in the school systems increase two fold, and the affects of affirmative action were positively seen. Affirmative action and numerous other civil rights legislations

There are a number of factors, which contribute to their tragic deaths, which I will explore Essay Example For Students

There are a number of factors, which contribute to their tragic deaths, which I will explore Essay Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is the tragedy of two Star-crossed lovers caught up in a whirlwind of love and hate in the city of Verona. There are a number of factors, which contribute to their tragic deaths, which I will explore in this essay. I will begin by discussing Friar Lawrence who was a close friend and confidante. He married Romeo and Juliet in hope that it would end the feud between the two families, the Capulets and the Montagues. By referring to act two, scene three, Friar Lawrence said, For this alliance may happy prove to turn your households rancour to pure love. Friar Lawrence was shocked when Romeo said, I have been feasting with mine enemy Romeo meant by saying this that he wasnt in love with Rosaline anymore but he was in love with his enemy, Juliet Capulet whom he had spent the night with. We will write a custom essay on There are a number of factors, which contribute to their tragic deaths, which I will explore specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When Juliet didnt want to marry Paris she visited Friar Lawrence declaring her deep feelings of love for Romeo and pleaded with him to help her get out of the marriage. Friar Lawrence, being a gentle, understanding priest had thought out a plan advising Juliet to drink a potion so it would appear she looked dead but she would actually be in a deep sleep. Her family would put her body in the Capulets tomb alongside her ancestors and the newly buried Tybalt. In the meantime Friar Lawrence would send a letter to Romeo explaining this plan to him and that in forty-two hours Juliet would awake as if she had just had a pleasant sleep. By this time Romeo would be next to her waiting for her to awake. Unfortunately Friar John who was supposed to deliver the letter to Romeo didnt reach him in time because he couldnt leave the house because the health officers suspected him of carrying the plague. On hearing this Friar Lawrence had to hurry to the tomb before Romeo reached her and thought she was dead. Romeo arrived first and saw Juliet lying there. Considering other facts leading up to the tragedy was the feud between the two families. There was always an atmosphere of hatred and aggression, which always resulted in violent, out-breaks. For example, in act one, scene one there was two of Capulets servants joking about two of Montagues servants. Meanwhile the Montagues servants arrived and then the first fight began. Benvolio, a Montague and a friend to Romeo, tried to stop the fighting by saying Part fools. Put up your swords, you know not what to do. But then Tybalt, a Capulet arrived and said that he wanted to fight Benvolio. I know this because he said What, art thou drawn among these hartless hinds? Turn Benvolio, look upon they death. Benvolio starts fighting with Tybalt and more people get involved including the two heads of the families. Escalus, Prince of Verona appears on the scene and demands peace as he shouts Rebellious subjects, enemies to peace, profaners of the neighbour-stained steel. I think he sounds furious a t this point in the play because there had been yet other out-break of violence in the streets of Verona and he threatened the punishment of death to anyone fighting on the streets of Verona. He stated, If ever you disturb our streets again, your lives shall pay the forfeit of peace. I consider the most significant factor to be the fight between Tybalt and Mercutio. Romeo didnt want to fight Tybalt because he wanted to please Juliet and Tybalt was her cousin. Mercutio teased Tybalt and they began fighting. When Romeo tried to stop them Tybalt stabbed Mercutio and ran off. Thinking Mercutio was only injured, and then discovering he was dead, made Romeo chase after Tybalt eventually killing him. On hearing the news the Prince arrived and because Mercutio was related to the Prince, Romeo was not sentenced to death but banished from Verona. Let Romeo hence in haste, else, when he is found, that hour is his last .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad , .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad .postImageUrl , .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad , .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad:hover , .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad:visited , .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad:active { border:0!important; } .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad:active , .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u95e379989bed26d55a2e58a40831cdad:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Choose two scenes from "Romeo and Juliet" and comment on how Zeffirelli and Luhrmann tackle them differently EssayThe Nurse, who had looked after Juliet since she was a baby, was more like a mother to Juliet than Lady Capulet. Juliet confided with her Nurse who was a little romantic herself and who was always suggesting how nice it would be to have a husband. On realising Juliet was in love with Romeo she acted as a go-between for them to send messages to each other. After the death of Tybalt the Nurse told Juliet that Romeo had done a terrible thing by killing Tybalt and knowing Romeo had been banished made Juliet hysterical. Seeing this the Nurse went to fetch Romeo who was hiding in Friar Lawrence s cell. Romeo felt very ashamed and wanted to kill himself but Friar Lawrence and the Nurse stopped him and said to go and see Juliet and speak to her then go to Mantua to hide. Another factor was Paris, a rich man who was very polite to everyone. He was related to Escalus, the Prince who ruled Verona. If Paris married Juliet he would have been family and would have to be on Capulets side and that made Capulet so keen on the wedding. Paris had arranged for them to get married in three days time but Capulet rearranged the date to the next day in case Juliet changed her mind. The Nurse, meanwhile had taken Juliets parents side saying that Paris was a nice man and she could do a lot worse. Juliet was furious and shouted at her Nurse that she was wicked. Someone who she had always trusted and whod always helped her. In a rage Juliet screamed that she would go and see Friar Lawrence to see if he would help her and if he couldnt she would kill herself. Ill to the Friar to know his remedy. If all else fail, myself have power to die.

Introduction on Globalization of Music free essay sample

Hip-hop music is funky and is accompanied by a vocal style, which is known as rap along with rhythmic beats. Rap means speaking rhythmically in self-made rhymes with your own style. The term hip-hop music is sometimes used synonymously with the term rap music, because rap is a subpart of hip-hop. Rap and hip-hop are claimed by some to have negative influences on its listeners. The reason for this is that a lot of hip-hop/rap songs contain foul language, messages containing violence and messages where woman are portrayed as sexually devalued objects.While doing research on Globalization and popular music consumption we found it interesting that in particular popular western hip- hop/rap music, is still somewhat unknown and unpopular in the Middle East. We were wondering what contributed to this unawareness or dislike of Western hip-hop/rap. Is it because of the cultural conservatism with many taboos attached or were they just not fond of the music. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction on Globalization of Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We will take the liberty to elaborate on some of these claims in our research paper by investigating and answering the presented research questions below. Introduction on Globalization of Music free essay sample Most people remember the first time they heard a hip-hop/rap song. No matter where theyre from or what age a person is, they surely have encountered hip-hop/ rap trough several media like; radio, cinema, television, records, cassettes, CDC, live performances and now the internet. Hip-hop/rap came into the existence during the sasss, as part of a cultural lifestyle that started In the late sasss. One of the founding fathers of hip-hoop/rap was Jamaican DC named Clive Campbell known as Cool Here, who Introduced hip-hop music In the Bronx district of New York City.HIP- hop music Is funky and Is accompanied by a vocal style, which Is known as rap along with rhythmic beats. Rap means speaking rhythmically In self-made rhymes with your own style. The term hip-hop music Is sometimes used synonymously with the term rap music, because rap Is a subpart of hip-hop. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction on Globalization of Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rap and hip-hop are claimed by some to have negative influences on Its listeners. The reason for this Is that a lot of hip-hop/rap songs contain foul language, messages containing violence and messages where woman are portrayed as sexually devalued objects. While doing research on ;Globalization and popular music consumption we found it interesting that in particular popular western hip-hop/rap music, is still somewhat unknown and unpopular in the Middle East. We were wondering what contributed to this unawareness or dislike of Western hip-hop/rap. Is it because of the cultural conservatism with many taboos attached or were they Just not fond of the music. We will take the liberty to elaborate on some of these claims in our research paper by investigating and answering the presented research questions below.

Rap Music Affects Society Negatively an Example of the Topic Health Essays by

Rap Music Affects Society Negatively INTRODUCTION The media has been vital in the rise of rap music. The media became an avenue in which rap music was given birth. Media is the most power tool for communication nowadays. Peoples exposure to media is an inevitable part of life. Most people or perhaps all people spend their free time listening and watching media. Media is the most powerful force that shapes the world. Media influences culture because of the fact that people are greatly exposed to it. As a matter of fact, what the world today is greatly influenced by media. The effects to society by media depend on what message it banners. If media banners violence, people who patronize it can be violent too. Through media, we can convey any information we want using the internet, radio, television and others. Need essay sample on "Rap Music Affects Society Negatively" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Students Often Tell EssayLab specialists: How much do I have to pay someone to write my assignment online? Professional writers advise: Essay Company Review Websites That Hire Writers University Essay Writing Service Cheap Essay Writing Service Rap music, is rooted in the African tradition of speaking rhythmically to a beat generally supplied by background music. Grandmaster Flash and Kool Herc are credited with being instrumental in the development of rap music as a distinct genre in the 1970s, which at the time was party- oriented (Mnet, 2006). Self-expression is a driving factor in the composition of its lyrics and background beat. Producers and entertainment moguls are quick to say that rap is an extension of poetry. An endless line of rhythmic words bring messages to life. The incessant and rapid talk in the middle of a blaring music has captured the attention of numerous individuals most especially the youth. Rap is a tool which allows the societys lethal elements to voice out their thoughts about personal frustrations and suffering. To say there is no influence and no effect is nave, said Murray Forman, professor of media studies at Northeastern University in Boston (Killion, 2005). NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF RAP MUSIC Rap music is posing a serious danger to the society. As part of media, it is influencing the lives of many individuals especially the young people. Numerous teenagers and children are seeking their models in life. It is important that these kids are led towards the right path in everything they do with their lives. But watching the fame and fortune being enjoyed by many rappers will encourage a large population of young individuals to follow the footsteps of these rap stars. This is where the problem begins. Stereotypes also play a big role in the many influences of rap music. Gang banging, drugs, alcohol, jewelry, money, cars, baggy clothes, style and fashion are some examples of hip hop stereotypes (Minor, n. d.). Most rappers are founded in the gangster era. This is the main reason why violence is a favorite topic in rap songs. Many rap artists portray themselves as kings or bosses. The violent and materialistic lifestyle that rap artists portray influences the young people on how to live their lives. Most of the young people become also attached to the lifestyle that their favorite rap artist have. The primary problem brought by rap music is the stature and image flaunted by most rappers. Money is the biggest reason why ordinary people wanted to become celebrities. Rap artists are no different from the popular crowd. With songs that are considered a nuisance to the ears of many, except of course to the adoring fans, these individuals are piling up their millions at the bank. Everybody wants to get rich and they found a genre to make things possible. No matter what young people are snared by the dream of making it to the big leagues. They look up to the rappers as their models. But more than that, rap artists are sharing the lives of many teenagers and children. A lot of these famous individuals have humble beginnings. They know what it means to be poor. They know what it means to have no home or get evicted from rented places. This is the connection which the young people can relate to deeply. Among the rap figures did they find the representations of their plight. Once upon a time, these artists have been undergoing the same experience. But being driven by money, young people who are idolizing rap artists slowly deviates to the notion that life, more than anything else, must be lived in values and virtues and not in material longings. The second negative factor that brings rap music in a bad light is the image it portrays in the art world. People affiliated with the said music compare it to poetry. While this may be true, many lyrics in rap songs possess a vulgar and disturbing presence among its listeners. Poems seek the light in its highest form. It reflects an inner description of inspiration coming from the individual. Rap like poetry is a means of expressing the inner self. The primary concern was the content of the lyrics, particularly the glamorization of violence, sex, and drug use (Fried, 2003). Instead of making values as the central message of rap music, it goes the other way. Rap music banners negative expressions. Many lines in rap songs reveal a negative opinion about dissatisfaction about the world in general. Suffering and pain are the common themes of rap artists. The only problem about the suggestive remarks in the albums is that violent measures are introduced and encouraged. Most artists feel that a sense of powerlessness to change conditions in complex social, political, and economic issues led them to seek ways to express their discontent (Midgett, n. d.). Through rap music, these individuals are able to bring out their real thoughts and emotions about the things that they hated all their lives. Problems that pose as barriers are brought to life through words which are seen as negative and uninspiring. Lots of children and teenagers are misguided by the thrill and the excitement that comes with the songs. The messages become the motivational tool for many young people to arm themselves against the sufferings of life. Words of disturbance are being used by the youth of today. It is a b ad influence since the profanity in rap encourages people to rebel against the elements which inhibit the current situation that they are in. Rap music is being played over and over again. This is the most dangerous and critical part of listening to this particular kind of music. The minds of the young and the youth are vulnerable targets for destruction. Along the way, obscene and dirty messages are picked up during the process of appreciating rap songs. With everyone riding high on the popularity of the songs, nobody is guiding or advising the listeners about the immediate effects of the profanities found in rap lyrics. People are being drawn into thinking that what is depicted in the songs is morally correct and accepted by the society. It was not created overnight to corrupt the minds of youth but was born out of a frustration that had no other outlet of expression but through the art of rap music (Midgett, n. d.). People think, and it is up to them to train the young ones to choose and be aware about things that matter. The result of negative messages such as violence from rap music can be devastating. As negative messages from media progresses, the society becomes more violent. From 2004 to 2005, the rate of violent crime, estimated at 469.2 violent offenses per 100,000 inhabitants, increased 1.3 percent, there were an estimated 1,390,695 violent crimes reported (FBI, 2006). There was an increase of 1.2 percent in cases of rape from the previous year, 3.4 percent increase in crimes of murder and non-negligent man-slaughter and 3.9 percent increase in robbery. The FBI further stated that 10,166,159 property crimes were reported in 2005 coupled with 14.1 million arrests, a huge and alarming figure. The reported crime rate is high in the American society. Crimes are in news reports in a daily basis. The horror of violence became a part of their lives. Most of the citizens own guns to protect themselves from criminals. If one is weak and care-free enough, one will be victimized. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Rap artists are on stage for a reason. And it sure is not all about the money or the popularity. A good life is waiting when rap songs hit the charts. But what about the influence of the lyrics adapted in its music. Rappers have the social responsibility to show the way for the youth. It is not merely about expression. Rap music is there as a means of expressing ones emotions and frustrations. However, those expressions must have boundaries. The lines along the songs must bear meaningful messages that will contribute to the lives of many in a better way. Great virtues and values must be expressed in rap music. As one of the widely patronized music today, rap must become a tool in teaching the people of the great values and essence of life as a whole. Music is a tool to promote awareness and awakening. Rap albums are not merely about making money or getting a million followers. Rap is just another way of uniting individuals from all corners of the society. People are open-minded about the things that matter. But they are susceptible to what is perceived as accepted and true according to the standards of the society. Rappers must be cautious in releasing the lines of their songs into the patronizing public. Many people are looking to them for leadership and motivation. They must never abuse the role that they are portraying. Rap artists are in high stature in the society, they must become role models of the society. CONCLUSION The media has been vital in spreading the popularity of rap music. Media is the most power tool for communication nowadays. Peoples exposure to media is an inevitable part of life. Self-expression is a driving factor in the composition of its lyrics and background beat. Rap music is posing a serious danger to the society. The primary problem brought by rap music is the stature and image flaunted by most rappers. The second negative factor that brings rap music in a bad light is the image it portrays in the art world. The rap music mostly expresses violence and hatred in this world. People associated with rap must also take into consideration the effects of this type of music in the lives of the young crowd. It is essential that the notes and lyrics found in rap songs must be screened in order to produce a more positive and peaceful atmosphere not merely in public areas but inside the privacy of the homes of many. Fame and fortune mean nothing if rap music is being utilized at the expense of innocent lives. Parents, educators and law enforcers should be aware of the dangers that the community will reap out from the citizens who are exposed to different acts of aggression. Rap artists also have the social responsibility to be responsible enough in the message of their music. Innocent minds can be easily corrupted. The exclusion of violence and the incorporation of meaningful words will make it more beneficial for the rest of the world. BIBLIOGRAPHY Fried, C. B.. Stereotypes of Music Fans: Are Rap and Heavy Metal Fans a Danger to Themselves or Others? Journal of Media Psychology. 2003. Killion, C. . Experts Debate Hip-hops Influence on American Culture, Youth, for Better or for Worse. Newsnet. 2005. Midgett, A.. Rap Music Controversy. 29 October 2007 Minor, N.. Blame Rap Music? Urban Youth International Journalism.

Words to Describe the Highest Point of Achievement

Words to Describe the Highest Point of Achievement Words to Describe the Highest Point of Achievement Words to Describe the Highest Point of Achievement By Mark Nichol How does one express the greatest degree of success? Multiple optimal words are available to choose from. Several terms refer literally to mountaintops. Peak, perhaps an alteration of pike, meaning â€Å"a short point or spike,† refers figuratively to a high point one has reached among other achievements, just as a mountain peak is often one among many. Pinnacle derives from the Latin term pinna, meaning â€Å"battlement† or â€Å"wing†; the figurative sense can connote an unsteady height one reaches by sudden success. Summit, ultimately from the Latin term summus, meaning â€Å"highest† (and related to sum and summary), suggests the highest possible position; in addition, to summit, in mountain climbing, is to reach a mountain peak, and a summit is a meeting or conference involving government leaders. The Greek term akme means point,† and acme has acquired the connotation of perfection. Apex, a Latin word for the tip of an ancient Roman priest’s cap, came by association to refer to mountaintops, similar-looking architectural features, and figurative high points. Climax, from the Greek word klimax, meaning â€Å"ladder,† denotes the high point in a series of events, whether in a work of fiction or in one’s lifetime. Culmination, from the Latin verb culminare, meaning â€Å"crown† (related to the Latin word from which column is derived), implies that one has achieved a high point as a result of a series of preceding accomplishments. Zenith, like its antonym nadir, is from Arabic; the word it stems from means â€Å"road or path† and is an abbreviation of a phrase meaning â€Å"the way over the head.† Zenith is still used in an astronomical sense to refer to the highest point overhead, and figuratively, it describes a high point of achievement. Another term borrowed from astronomy is apogee, ultimately from the Greek term apogaios, meaning â€Å"far away from the earth†; it refers an orbiting object’s farthest distance from the object’s origin but also pertains terrestrially to the highest point reached. A high point is also described as a capstone, from an architectural term for the highest stone in an arch. Other terms include crown, as used in adjectival form in the phrase â€Å"crowning achievement,† and the phrase â€Å"high-water mark,† a reference to the highest level a body of water reaches during high tide or a flood. One can also refer to the crest of one’s career or fame; crest derives from the Latin term crista and has the literal senses of a ridge or top, or a plume or tuft of feathers or hair. Optimum, adopted directly from Latin, is a noun as well as an adjective, but it refers to the greatest degree attainable or most favorable conditions and does not apply, for example, to achievements. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Incorrect Pronunciations That You Should Avoid25 Russian Words Used in English (and 25 More That Should Be)How Do You Pronounce "Mozart"?

Week 2 group assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 2 group assignment - Essay Example This might be because they knew that there current warehouse would not process any problem for the Medical Instrument Inc. hardware, thus restraining from entertaining any arbitration clause. Another reason might be that, in spite of arbitration being of low cost, CP perhaps didn’t see the need or any problem which may call upon such procedure. Nevertheless, the very next lease contained the formerly absent arbitration clause. (Cross, 2011) This step could mean that Commercial Properties either knew about the defaults of their new warehouse or had projected that the coming years might be less difficult with MII if they have an arbitration clause in an agreement. As the main aim of arbitration is to ensure that the opposing parties can settle any dispute without rushing to a trial and can overcome a conflict with the presence of a third party, which will also be able to make a neutral decision based on the evidences and witnesses. Hence, the decision to include the clause in new lease seemed viable. Travelling to California for the arbitration procedure will be essential for MII because it’s mandatory that any tenant who needs to have an access to the attribution clause will have to go through the CP’s home state of California. (Cross, 2011) On the surface there is no reason to rule the arbitration clause invalid, as the MII signed the lease papers without any objection. Moreover, MII also informed the CP about the leakage as soon as the problem surfaced. On the other hand, this clause can also be declared invalid if the CP claimed it to be too burdensome (Cross, 2011). Q3. The two cases concerning the arbitration method are Brower vs. Gateway Inc. and Green tea Financial Corporation vs. Randolph. Both the two cases discussed the dispute and how arbitration clause worked out form them. However, both the cases did not held much relevancy for the CP vs. MII case as the former cases already had an agreement on arbitration clause from the start of the

Labor Relations and Their Effects in an Organization Research Paper

Labor Relations and Their Effects in an Organization - Research Paper Example Labor relations also termed as labor management define business that takes place between the labor unions and employers. There is usually a liaison between the management and the labor union. Large organizations go to the extent of employing a relation specialist to link up the labor union and management. Smaller organizations will have a human resource manager to link up the two. He can then present the interest of the labor unions to the management of the organization at hand. Labor relation activities include negotiation of contracts, employee grievances and complain arbitration, mediation and other business matters. The labor relations ensure that the interests of employees are well presented before the management. Labor union and labor relations impact significantly on an organization. The impact that this labor union and relations have on an organization depend on the relationship that exists between the management in the organization and the union representatives. In an organization that has skilled workers and trades people, there are excellent relations as they readily accept the union. These mean that they have been conditioned to expect these unions. It is, however, not always the case in all organizations as there are those that do not want to make concessions. Concessions apply during contract negotiations. If unions and management are ready to work together, then labor unions will have a great impact on organizations. There are negative and positive effects that accrue from the labor relations and unions that are brought about in the organization. Benefits that accrue to employees are many. Unions have seen wages for employees increased. The high wages also go to the underperforming employees attracting the wrong pool of workers in the organization.

Case study report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case study report - Essay Example Marie Forsythe is the Operations Director of FCCC. Her function in the company is to ensure smooth running of tasks to achieve set objectives. Forsythe refurbished the call center by purchasing new office facilities and building extra offices. These changes were implemented to increase employees’ performance in work, but the progress has remained stagnated. Forsythe decided to carry out a survey on how to improve the performance of each employees thus contributing to overall output and improving the living standards of all parties. The key issues in the company include organizational change, workforce diversity, motivation, leadership, communications systems and social structures. Organizational change is an important issue in FCCC because of the rearrangement of workforce from the previous setting. The construction of new offices in different floors and new office facilities change employees work stationsby creating an open work station with desks that have wide computer screens. Teamwork is another key issue in FCCC because different teams work in different floors. This arrangement exists because of the new offices that divide different departments into different offices. Communication with other teams in different departments occurs through the telephones thus limiting personal contact or direct communication. Motivation in the call center is through recreational facilities, rewards, bonuses, healthcare benefits and a shopping center. Employees have a recreational facility where they relax during office breaks by listening to music and chatting. The company has a local gym that is designed to meet the needs of employees through exercise. Exercise is essential for the mental health of call center workers that perform under pressure. Workforce diversity is an importance issue in Finance Co Call Center because it improves socialization between male and female employees. The

Long Term Effects of Concussions in Sports

Long Term Effects of Concussions in Sports Concussions in Sports and The complications Concussions may have on a Person Abstract This paper is going to discuss concussions in sports and the complications this may have on a person in later portions of life. Concussions can happen at any time or in anyway. Someone can be playing on the swings and falls off the swings and can receive a concussion if they hit their head or be playing a sport and get hit in the head by a ball or player. Concussions can be worse if it happens repeatedly. We will discuss the complications on what can happen if you receive many concussions while playing sports. We all know playing sports can have its issues either by receiving a serious career ending injury or an injury that can have a lasting effect on a life after sports. But did you know there is a serious injury in sports that can have a big impact on life after sports, the injury I am talking about is Concussions. All Concussions can happen in different types of ways such as getting tackled too many times or getting hit in the head after a tackle. Getting hit in the head in any sport can be painful and can have serious issues. So why is concussions a very big deal, well lets look at it in a simple way. Youre playing a sport, lets say football and youre the quarterback and youre playing a game, you get tackled and you get hit in the head. Your head hits the ground. At first you may or may not feel anything, or may not have any symptoms but what happens when you hit your head is that the brain gets knocked around inside the skull like a balloon filled with water being tossed around. When the brain gets knocked around, serious damage can happen to the brain matter or brain tissues. So you may be asking what a concussion is. Well the definition of a concussion is basically when your brain gets tossed around in the skull and suffers damage to the tissues on the brain. How can you get a concussion, you can get a concussion by a direct blow to the head, neck, face or elsewhere on the body with a force thats being transmitted to the head. The results can be rapid onset of short impairment of the brain or impairment, and can largely have a functional disturbance thats greater than structural injury. So what happens to the brain during a concussion? Well first the adult brain is a 3 pound organ that floats inside the skull and is surrounded by cerebral spinal fluid which usually acts as a shock absorber almost like a shock absorber in a car. When the brain is moved rapidly inside the skull, the brain bounces off the skull which causes a concussion which has technically hap pened. Research from McGill University in Montreal found out tha So to relate this to the statement before this example, I have a friend who received trauma to the head and instead of being taken out of the match that he was participating in to see if he had a concussion he decided to get back into the match. He decided not get treatment until he started feeling the symptoms. This is a prime example of what not do to treat a possible concussion. It is best if you get early recognition of a concussion. But unfortunately this is easier said than done. Unlike muscles or bone injuries, when your brain gets a bump or bruise, you won’t feel any pain. And unlike illnesses a concussion may present parents or coaches with a situation they are not prepared to handle. So you won’t be able to recognize the magnitude of a concussion. . Age factors have a distinct role in concussion management because when it comes to dealing with sports concussions, a lot of research demonstrates that high school athletes take longer to recover from a concussion then when compared to a collegiate or professional athlete. But high school athletes also may experience greater or severe symptoms and more neurological disturbances. The research also estimates that 53% of high school athletes have sustained some type of concussion before high school. And 36% of collegiate athletes have a history of multiple concussions. The frontal lobes of a human brain continues to be developing until the age of 25 years old. So it is vital to manage and monitor concussions from an early age to make sure no severe outcomes happen. Some risk factors that are obtained from a sport related concussion, have been researched and suggests that a person who has had a prior history of concussions are 1-2 times more susceptible to receive a second concussion, a third concussion is 2-4 times more likely to happen from the previous concussion. If that person has received three previous concussions in their life then they are 3-9 times more likely to get a fourth concussion and even a fifth concussion may follow. Certain studies show that females are more likely to get severe concussions than males. Females tend to have more symptoms than men and require more overall time to recover. The reason for these differences are because there are various differences in the brain functions. Also if you have a history of developmental disorders, Mental disorders or psychiatric disorders and have had a history of headaches, migraines these can play a part in a concussions. There are long term consequences of having a concussion. Some of the long term effects of concussions are having development of mild cognitive impairments (MCI’s), chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and other types of outcomes including having post-concussion syndrome (PCS). Post-concussion syndrome is a complex disorder that has a variable combination of concussion symptoms, which are like having headaches and dizziness. These can last for weeks and sometimes even months after the injury has occurred. People who have PCS usually have symptoms that occur within the first 7 to 10 days and usually go away within 3 months, but can also last for a year or more. Some facts: CDC estimates 1.6 to 3.8 million concussions happen each year. 5-10% of all athletes will have some type of severe concussion in any sport season during their sports career. Fewer than 10% of sport concussions involve a loss of consciousness Football is the biggest sport with concussions, with males being at risk (75%) Soccer is also the most common sport with concussions in females (50%) 78% of concussions have occurred during the game(s). Headaches (85%) and dizziness (70-80%) are more commonly reported symptoms than other types of symptoms of concussions. Estimates of 47% of all athletes have not reported feeling any symptoms after a concussive blow. Pro football players will receive an estimated 900 to 1500 blows to the head during the season which result in at least one concussion. The impact speed of a professional boxers punch is around 20 mph which could seriously do damage to the brain. The impact speed of a football player tackling a stationary player is around 25 mph, which can not only cause damage to the brain but also to the body if hit incorrectly. The impact speed of a soccer ball being headed by a player is around 70 mph. So let’s go into each sport to see what the findings on concussions are. The first sport is American football, football is associated with the highest number of traumatic brain injuries in males and has the highest participants than any other sport. Because of the difficulties of determining brain injuries or examining concussions, it is better to compare the injury trends over a long period of time. Catastrophic brain injury has been defined as a head injury that has been caused by direct contact during a competition or sport related activity, these can be fatal, nonfatal permanent or serious nonpermanent injury. The next sport is baseball/softball, players or participants that play in this sport as of 2008 were 10,916,754 high school men and 23,517 high school women, additionally 616,947 men competed at college level. Early reports of concussions were hard to diagnose or were under diagnosed by the trainers, coaches and medical professionals. Concussions usually happen if the baseball or softball is hit with a bat and hits a player in the head or if a player is trying to dive, running or sliding to either catch the ball or slide into a base and sometimes while performing these activities they may hit their head on the ground against a player or even sometimes against a wall. A third sport is basketball now I really haven’t heard of many concussions happening in this sport I have heard of a couple incidents where this actually has happened. Participation of basketball participants are approximately 13.8 million in high school along with 11 million in high school and additionally 375,000 men and 328,000 women competed in college basketball. The way to receive a concussion in this sport is relatively awkward in the way it happens. I have heard that when players jump to the net and fall sometimes they may slip and hit their head on the court or even sometimes when they are running across the court they may not be able to fully stop and run into or jump into the crowd and may hit their head. Now concussions in this sport is relatively rare. Another sport is cheerleading, the participation in this sport is mostly made of females and is estimated 3.5 million cheerleading participants. Cheerleading is regarded as a sport that usually has concussions and is associated with risk catastrophic head and spine injury. The routines that the cheerleaders do are risky and can cause severe injury. Gymnastic routines are what causes most of these types of injuries such routines are tumbling runs, human pyramids, lifts, catches, and tosses. Gymnastics is also within the group of cheerleading and has a participation field of more than 100,000 men and 640,000 women who compete in high school and an additional 15,000 and 40,000 women compete in college. Ice/field hockey also have a high rate of concussions due to pucks hitting a player or being by a player in the boards or on the field, the participation of players are approximately 723,000 men and 752,500 women competed in high school and an additional 27,800 men and 2,800 women play ice hockey each year. And around 2008 approximately 3000 men and 1.43 million women competed in high school field hockey with an additional 145,000 women competed in college. Soccer is another sport where concussions are most likely to happen. Participation of this sport is around 7.2 million men and 5.2 million women played in high school and an additional 430,000 men and 322,000 women competed in college. The way you can get a concussion in this sport is actually in many ways either by heading the ball with you head getting hit in the head by another players head or even getting hit in the head by a goal keeper when the keeper is trying to save the ball. I personally have had a concussion in this sport too. But mine was by my own goal keeper. I was blocking an opposing player and my keeper had the ball when he kicked the ball, the ball actually came at me instead of lifting into the air like it was supposed to, the ball hit me directly in the face. I of course went down and blanked out, I was immediately taken out of the game and when my team arrived to the school my parents were not notified of what happened by the coach but by another parent who happe ned to be attending the game, I was taken to the doctors the next day when I was told I had a concussion I was told not to participate for a week or so till I recouped. So in conclusion sports related concussions can be dangerous if not reported and treated. Brain injuries can cause after effects to a person even up to a year. References Buzzini SRR, G. K. (2006). Sport-related concussion in the young athlete. Curr Opin Pediatrics, 18:376-382. Covassin, T. P. (Year). Sport- Related Concussion and Factors that Affect Outcomes. Retrieved from Glata.org: http://www.glata.org/documents/filelibrary/glata_2013_presentations/Glata_2013_C45213223130B.pdf Daneshvar, D. H. (2012). The Epidemiology of Sport-Related Concussion. National Institute of Health. Department of Health and Human Services (US), C. f. (2001-2005 MMWR 2007). Non-fatal sports- and recreation-related traumatic brain injuries treated in emergency departments. 56:733-737. Field M, C. M. (2003). Does age play a role in recovery from sports-related concussion? A comparison of high school and collegiate athletes. J Pediatrics, 142:224-227. Guskiewicz KM, W. N. (2000). Epidemiology of concussion in collegiate and high school football players. Am J Sports Med, 28:643-650. Langlois JA, R.-B. W. (2006). The epidemiology and impact of traumatic brain injury: a brief overview. 21:375-378. Mayers, L. B. (spring 2013). Outcomes of Sport-Related Concussion Among College Athletes. Retrieved from neuro psychiatry online (J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci): http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/data/Journals/NP/926971/115.pdf Pearl, R. M. (2014, 4 17). A Doctors Take on Sports-Related Concussions. Retrieved from Forbes: http://www.forbes.com/sites/robertpearl/2014/04/17/a-doctors-take-on-sports-related-concussions/ Powell JW, B.-F. K. (1999). Traumatic brain injury in high school athletes. JAMA, 282:958-963. Sports Concussion Institute. (n.d.). Retrieved from Concussion treatment: http://www.concussiontreatment.com/concussionfacts.html Staff, M. C. (2011, Sept 29). Post-concussion syndrome. Retrieved from Mayo Clinic: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-concussion-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20032705

One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest :: essays research papers

"Ting. Tingle, tingle, tremble toes, she’s a good fisherman, catches hens, puts ‘em inna pens†¦wire blier, limber lock, three geese inna flock†¦one flew east, one flew west, on flew over the cuckoo’s nest†¦O-U-T spells out†¦goose swoops down and plucks you out."The book "One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest" is about a man, Randle Patrick Mc Murphy who is a rough-and-tumble, fun-loving guy who comes into the mental ward in Oregon and challenges the authoritarian nurse, Ms. Ratched. As the struggle between them goes on, Mc Murphy starts to show the other men of the ward how to loosen up and that they do not have to always listen to the nurse. Eventually, Mc Murphy is defeated when Ms. Ratched makes him get a lobotomy. When you first pick up the book, you will first notice that the story is told by one of the men who live in the ward. This is Chief Bromden; a half-Indian who is one of the long time committed men. In my eyes, the Bromden is a key character in the whole book. The Chief, in reality, is 6 foot 7 inches tall, but in his mind he sees himself as a man only two or three feet tall. This is because he has received over 200 electro-shock treatments and has been physiologically beaten to think that he is an inferior being to all others but he is not alone. All of the patients in the ward have had this done to them, some more than others. Another thing that sets the Chief apart is the fact that he has led everyone to think he is deaf and mute. This has enabled him to hear some of the secrets of the ward because everyone thought it was safe to talk around him. The Chief has also been in the army and in WWII. He claims to hear and see machinery in the walls of the ward that track and monitor all action that goes on in and around the hospital. With his experiences in war and with what he has gone through in the ward, he often loses himself in a "fog". He creates this "fog" in his mind so that he can numb the reality of where he is. Because of how he acts when in this fog, he has remained distant from all other patients in the ward. At least he was until he met McMurphy.

How do you as a modern reader, respond to Austen’s presentation of Mr. Knightley’s guidance of Emma in the novel as a whole?

After the episode at Box Hill, Mr. Knightley says to Emma, ‘I must once more speak to you as I have been used to do: a privilege rather endured than allowed, perhaps, but I must still use it.' How do you as a modern reader, respond to Austen's presentation of Mr. Knightley's guidance of Emma in the novel as a whole? It can be said that Emma is a novel which is based on morals and manners. In the society, and the people in which Jane Austen deals with, we see the high expectations, the pride and mainly good use of manners in their community. George Knightley is considered to be a well mannered and respectable man, and we are shown good reasons to believe so, on many occasions. He is thought of as a ‘good-catch', being rich with ‘old money', and having very high status, but does not show any signs of snobbery to or against another person. In addition, Mr Knightley has many good qualities, and we can see how fond Austen is of her ‘faultless' character. We see him in many circumstances, (mostly) being calm, polite and sharp, never succumbing to rudeness. He is always pleasant and friendly towards Miss Bates, which shows the reader a very gentle side to him, even though many other characters get agitated with her rather easily. Austen also helps us understand how courteous and patient he is, whilst dealing with Mr. Woodhouse. He is a very annoying, infuriating man so by showing Mr. Knightley to be friendly and tolerant with him, helps us see what truly great qualities this man has. When speaking to Emma, we understand how much he cares for her, though sometimes he may seem quite abrupt. Nevertheless, throughout the novel we see Emma's countless faults. She seems to be inexperienced at the start of the novel, which can be said to ‘justify' her childish behaviour. Though it appears that she does not know a lot about life in general, acting spoilt and immature; we are soon shown of her sharp, intelligent and kind self, which makes the reader realise of her desperate need of help. She is lacking parental support greatly, and quite seriously; it is clear to us that she has never had a mother figure to look up to, only ever having Miss Taylor her governess, which seems more like friendship than mother-daughter. Her father does not realise of her need of love and support, and therefore continues to act like a selfish child who needs a great deal of care, consequently ending up with Emma caring and concerning for her father and not concentrating on her own needs. Although we see of her and her sister's closeness, Isabella has her own life and is away from their estate for most of the year. As a result Mr Knightley shows to be the only one capable and willing around her, to help her through and towards her development. As Mr. Knightley acts as Emma's ‘mentor' throughout the novel, we see on many occasions, him upsetting her with the truth, them in conflict, and a lot of realisation about oneself. When she boasts of her persuading Harriet to decline Robert Martin's marriage proposal, as she is certain of Mr. Elton's love for Harriet, we see Mr. Knightley fuming with rage at her, as she does not realise the consequences of her actions, and the damage she will cause for the people involved. She is stubborn with George Knightley, and only when Mr. Elton proposes to her, does she realise the reality in what she has done and the truth in what he has said. The situation is then followed by her self-searching, and reflecting on her actions, admitting she is wrong to only herself, soon forgetting of her wrong doings. Following the incident at Box Hill, it is the first time that we see Emma break down in the novel. Mr. Knightley is very angry with Emma, but does raise his voice, simply explains their situation of how people perceive them, clarifying the importance of them setting a good example. Possibly the reason for her humiliation, is the fact that she did not realise how hurtful she was to Miss Bates, and never once took into consideration of her position in the society. By explaining how their circle of friends look up to both her and Mr. Knightley, Emma for the first time in the novel realises her situation as a woman, a mentor, and a friend. Once releasing her true, sad feelings, Mr. Knightley acts kind and careing towards her, and she accepts her mistakes, and is prepared to apologise to Miss Bates as well as being friendly and patient with her from then on. This can be seen as a self-analysis, which truly shows her willingness to develop. Even as a modern reader, it seems that Austen is simply showing two peoples love for each other, in which they both work hard to persist. Mr. Knightley cares a great deal for Emma, and we can see that all his stern and honest ways in which he has dealt with her throughout the novel, have all been on the grounds of his love for her, as a friend, a companion and a man. He is sensible and truthful during the narrative, which is how Austen gains our trust for him. He has helped her comprehend many difficult situations on many occasions, but she has also helped him to maybe not be so serious and untrusting. And it seems as though Emma realises this near the ending of the novel, whilst discussing the situation of herself and Mr. Knightley, and the situation of Frank and Jane, to Frank Churchill himself. Though at times Mr. Knightley has maybe seemed harsh and cold towards Emma, it has made her improve and mature in character greatly, ending with her fine development.

Contemporary issues in multimedia and information technology

Contemporary issues in multimedia and information technology Media and the rising ease of information access have facilitated major legal and societal concerns in the past. Digital convergence and globalization in the present societies raise intricate legal, societal and ethical issues, regarding information access, privacy rights, intellectual property rights and freedom of expression (Gupta, 2005, p. 123).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Contemporary issues in multimedia and information technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Because information and Communication Technology is an instrumental tool for gathering information, it should be availed as a basic human right. However, this right is abused all over the world for various reasons such as political stability, anti terrorism campaigns, economic advancements, personal greed and for religious causes. Governments have had concerns over the liberty and use of technologies, in regard to national securities. In addition to this, it is becoming more difficult for governments to control accessibility to the global information systems. Because if this, the fundamental concern over ICT is creating a balance between information access and marinating national security (Schultz, 2006, p. 118). The ethical issue is how a government can decide on controlling access, to what extent, and what kind of information they should control. The media has made it possible for people to access information as well as communicate globally. An example of this is the happening in Egypt, in January 2011, when people use internet media and social sites to organize protests against the then Egyptian president. Because of these concerns, it has been important for governments to come up with strategies of combating incidences of malicious attacks, computer crimes, fraud, and violations of rights. Governments need to inform citizens of the security risks involved in internet and media information access. While it is important for governments to control information flow for national security, it is also important for them to make their citizens aware of the need for the control. Creating a balance between access and security should not be a difficult decision for governments to make because the ICT sector has recognised global ethical issues that affect the industry, and as such, devised ethical guidelines on how to handle such. In addition to these, there are legislations that guide information handling, access and use. If a country recognises the citizen’s right to obtain information, as well as the importance of obtaining these information, it would not selfishly deny them the right. However, in cases such as the Egypt saga, they are globally recognised as selfish attempts by government leaders to deny citizens their right to access information (Liebowitz khosrowpour, 1997, p. 78).Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Le arn More Following the rising insecurities and ethical problems associated with digital communication, recent political persuasions seem to be focused on creating greater surveillance on communications. They hope that this will solve the problem of digital crimes, as well as help them maintain safety in their territories. This may not be the case, as every country has its own security concern, which may not be important to another country. Because of the differences in their needs, it is difficult to find a comprehensive solution to all their concerns. This may in turn create conflicts and tensions between countries. Governments already have ways of controlling access to certain types of information that may lead to national insecurity. In case where there is need to keep information private from the public, there should be constitutional legislations that apply in order to maintain peace. It is important for governments to have these policies, provisions, and legislations t hat guide information and media freedom in early enough, so as to prevent abrupt protests. When the citizens, as well as the media are aware of government’s actions to prevent information access, they are less likely to act in defence. In addition tom this, governments should apply the global acceptable conditions for deciding on which information is considered a national threat, and how to keep it private from citizens. The same conditions are also applicable when formulating the provisions for media freedom, as well as personal freedom to information access. It is only possible for a country to devise its own legislations regarding digital communication, basing them on the global acceptable standards of information handling. This way, the country will be able to create laws that are suitable for its citizens, while maintain the global peace, regarding digital communication. References Gupta, V (2005). International Communication: contemporary Issues and trends in global inf ormation revolution. Boston: Concept publishing company Liebowitz, J and Khosrowpour, M (1997) Cases on information technology management in modern organizations. New York: Idea group IncAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Contemporary issues in multimedia and information technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Schultz, R (2006).contemporary issues in ethics and information technology. New York: Idea group Inc Contemporary Issues in Multimedia and Information Technology Every day people can observe the changes which are connected with the information technologies and multimedia. It seems that modern scientists can create any technologies with any possibilities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Contemporary Issues in Multimedia and Information Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The limits are only in our mind. Nevertheless, recent inventions support the idea the possibilities of our brain can be combined with information technologies. The progress in computer technology is enormous, and it is related to the aspects of the social and economical development. Today information technologies are in a constant progress. Several years ago it was impossible to imagine computers which can be controlled with the help of our brain. Nevertheless, today such technology exists and develops to present more opportunities for people. â€Å"In this newly developed technology, the scientists c onnect a computer with the human brain, and then program it to read the thought of that brain† (Brown 2011). This project can present the hope for the physically challenged people. The possibilities of such computers are rather difficult to overestimate, and they can be used in different fields of people’s social life. Moreover, scientists state that they â€Å"will be able to put tiny, permanent implants in people’ brains, and this will do away with the need for a keyboard or mouse† (Brown 2011). That phenomenon which was considered as a miracle earlier can become the part of our everyday reality in the future. Furthermore, â€Å"the potential to manipulate computers or machinery with nothing more than a thought† is really great (Grabianowski, n.d.). It can open a new age in the development of the opportunities of medicine, business, and entertainment. Thus, the level of people’s interaction with computer technology has shifted from using ke yboards to simple touches and then to using their brain. It was the start for the development of new horizons in the interaction of computer devices not only with people but also with the objects of their surroundings. It is the time when ‘iPad with legs’ appears as the touch-screen table and it â€Å"can recognise many gestures, hands and users at once as well as other physical objects placed on the table† (Moses 2011). In the future such devices will be used in airports, big shops, and hotels because their suitability is confirmed. It can be one of the most convenient ways to interchange the information.Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The possibility to exchange the information is considered as one of the most significant today. This tendency has affected the development of such a notion as a ‘digital divide’. It means that those people who have no access to modern information technologies have no opportunity to act in the information world at the same level as those who have the access (Hertz 2011). If we compare the possibilities of information technology and multimedia in the 2000’s with contemporary inventions, we can state that the progress is remarkable. The system of social and economical values also changes. Information, multimedia, and technology become the key factors for the human society because they give people a chance to be involved in the world information processes. References Brown, M., (2011).  Scientists create thought-controlled computer. Web. Grabianowski, E. How brain-computer interfaces work. Web. Hertz, M. B., (2011).  A new understanding of the digital divide. Web. Moses, A., (2011).  Microsoft Surface 2 imminent: More than a big iPad with legs. Web.

Write Impressive Economics Personal Statement Essays

Write Impressive Economics Personal Statement Essays Write Impressive Economics Personal Statement Essay Write Impressive Economics Personal Statement Essay Although economics seems to be a very demanding discipline but still many people find themselves attracted to it. By pursuing a degree in economics students who are attracted to this subject are able to examine it in more detail and they are able to explore different sorts of interesting and complex topics in great length such as game theory, aggregate demand and supply, compound interest, stochastic dominance, etc. An economics personal statement is an essential part of admission as required by the admission board of any college. Applicants are expected to write and submit an impressive personal statement detailing what are their interests, why they want to pursue the field of economics and what makes them a good fit for their academia. In the following tips you will learn about some important elements that makes a personal statement an impressive and compelling one. Write unique statements It is very important that you give accurate answers to the questions that are asked in the personal statement. It is not unusual for a student to post the applications to several academies and it is possible that each application may have some similar questions. However, it is advisable that the student must use a slightly different statement for every application. Again, make sure that the answer is accurate and to the point. Describe yourself in an effective manner Keep in mind that a personal statement is used by the admission board to assess students for their college. Therefore, it is important that you demonstrate your experience, traits or qualities in an effective manner. Check out some sample personal statements in order to get an idea how a personal statement is written and prepare a unique statement. Keep the statement fresh, interesting and unique in order to retain the interest of the admission board. Keep your statement specific It is important to keep the statement specific and answer only what is asked. When you state that you would make an expert market analyst, you have to support such claim with particular reasons or proof. Demonstrate your general knowledge of economics or international market to the committee to back up your claims. Make your opening interesting It is also essential that the opening of the personal statement should be unique and interesting. Admission board oftentimes gets bored with reading uninteresting statements and naturally they don’t pay must attention to such statements. So in order to get their attention you need to start your statement with an interesting statement or sentence. Tell them about yourself In the body of the personal statement, discuss about your interests, hobbies and other necessary things which you think needs the attention of the committee. Carry out some research Carry out a detailed research on the educational institute which you are applying to. Many institutes ask the applicants why they seek admission in their academy. By doing a comprehensive research on the academy you will be able to answer them what makes them different from rest of the academic institutes. Write an attractive economics personal statement by following the aforementioned tips.

Arguing for a reintegration program for those released from prison Essay

Arguing for a reintegration program for those released from prison - Essay Example According to Langan & David (2002), this is a worrying tread that can be attributed to several factors such as unsuccessful reintegration with the community, lack of employment and other similar factors. In his study, Mays & Winfree (2009) found out that these factors leads to low self esteem and self denial that encourages the offender to resort to other crimes. In light of such deliberations, it is correct to point out that, to reduce the rate of crime and recidivism, there is a need to create conduce environment for ex-offenders by giving them opportunity be employed and access other social economic services. The biggest concern that is raised in regard to employment discrimination of ex-offenders is in regard to what contribute to employment discrimination. First, laws put in place could be argued to play a huge part on the phenomenon at hand. For instance, state laws create room for denial of employment of ex-offenders. Most states have different definitions of circumstances under which ex-offenders can be disqualified from employment (Gottfredson, 2001). Most of these laws stipulates on specific felonies that can automatically disqualify ex-offenders from employment. Others stipulate a certain time periods after one is released from prison before they are considered eligible for employment. However, as much as some of these laws would be seen to protect the welfare of the employer, they end up making things difficult for the ex-offenders. This is arguably true because as Mays & Winfree (2009) pointed out, lack of second chance for ex-offenders makes them develop immune to arrests and incarceration. In fact, a study conducted by Holzer (2003), found out that some offenders like it more in prison than when they are out in the community. They argue that the biggest and most intriguing thing about prison is that one is denied freedom of doing what they want and that there is no difference of being in prison and when out in the community

Outsourcing and Manufacturing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Outsourcing and Manufacturing - Assignment Example In addition, labor shortages in the manufacturing industry may compel them to outsource their services. This is mostly evident in china where most individuals are opting to remain in the rural areas due to the rising costs in urban areas (Loyalka, 2012). The fact that their population is fast aging is also a compelling factor for manufacturing industries in the country to outsource. For America to succeed, it ought to educate most of its students mostly in science, engineering, math, and technology (Malone, 2012). This is because most of the manufacturing positions are lacking applicants due to unavailability of the necessary skills required to partake those manufacturing jobs. Moreover, for a manager to succeed in the 21st century, they ought to have a good working relation with their employees to enable them fish out and solve any arising problems. The managers also ought to be on the lookout for any sign of labor shortage or increased cost of production that might bring their organization down. Where need be, the managers should outsource some of the services that they find expensive for their companies to

Case C Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

C - Case Study Example But the final decision of Jami is to file lawsuit before the federal or state court. The acts committed against Jami undoubtedly falls within the context of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (Title VII), which â€Å"prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex and national origin with respect to compensation, terms, conditions and privileges of employment† (Title VII of The Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended in 1991). In the instant case, several indicators manifest forms of sexual harassment in the work place. Her colleagues who commented on her physical attributes and the offensive gestures of Mr. Clark, who is the Vice-President of the company, by staring at her body parts in a provocative manner, constitutes immoral behaviors that create a sexually hostile atmosphere from the moment she started working. The unbecoming conduct of Mr. Clark carried on as he offered Jami invitations for lunch and spending an out-of-town weekend at his cabin. Even if Jami accepted the invitations on these two instances, her refusal to give in to his sexual demands such as kissing the boss in order to maintain her present position in the company is an indication that she is being subjected to a sexually aggressive and antagonistic work atmosphere. However, since her current financial situation forced her to reconsider giving in to the sexual favors of her boss in exchange for her current job, which she later on rejected, makes her a victim of a sexual harassment case. Her decision to turn down the offer of her boss resulted to her demotion, reduction of half of her pay per year, earned her a poor evaluation performance report and was forced to resign from her job. Clearly, the actions of her employer constitute as intimidation and coercion which subjected Jami in a sexually hostile and intimidating environment. The following twin requirements shall give rise to a sexually hostile environment based on gender: First, the acts(s) must be subjecti vely abusive to the victim(s) affected, and; Second, the act(s) committed must be objectively severe or pervasive enough to create a work environment, that a reasonable person would find abusive. Jami can file a tort claims based on sexual harassment. â€Å"The tort law has been recognized as a proper remedy for a sexually harassed victim(s). These causes of action have been brought under the theories of assault and battery, intention infliction of emotional distress, invasion of privacy, tortios interference with contractual relations, and other tort theories† (Conte 646). Jami can file a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress as the basis for a tort claim in relation to the sexual harassment case. It can even be proven based on facts that might not even support finding of sex discrimination under Title VII. Sexual harassment victims like Jami experience stress-related ailments including high-blood pressure, chest pains, insomnia or sleepless night, headaches , nausea, dizziness and nervous tics. Due to the sexual harassment initiated by her employer, she suffered from severe emotional distress which forced her to seek medical and psychiatric treatment to help her recover from the traumatic experience. In Retherford v. AT & T Communications, 844 P.2d 949 (1992), the Supreme Court held that â€Å"the act of the employer and co-workers who intimidated her with threatening looks and remarks, and manipulated

Historical Perspective of Management Essay Example for Free

Historical Perspective of Management Essay Max Weber was a German sociologist that pioneered the term bureaucracy. Weber founded six major principles of bureaucracy Formal hierarchical structure, Management by rules, Organization by functional specialty, An up-focused or in-focused mission, Purposely impersonal and Employment based on technical qualifications. (Busting Bureaucracy. com) A formal hierarchical structure is the management pyramid that is designed to control the level below with organized planning and decision making. For example (chain of command). Then he developed management by rules such as policies and handbooks that are used by lower levels. Next is organization by functionality specialty this means that each individual will be placed in a position according to their specialty. These three steps of bureaucracy are still used today in every business known. Max Weber designed this pyramid because in the 1930’s the industrialism of our country was expanding and it was no order of command business was ran without consistency. And a change was needed to make things run smoothly. My advice to managing people today is to organize your business according to functional specialization. Your employees and managers according to their skills and expertise so that each job will be done to the best of that person or persons knowledge and capabilities. Use clear lines of hierarchical authority in doing so you will need to put together a clear set of policy and rules that underline the chain of demand in detail. Your managers will need to be trained accordingly with consist seminars and meeting so that they can be well trained and fully informed about their duties and the duties of their staff. Decision making should be based on the rules and guidelines developed to guarantee consistent and effective reflection of organization goals.

The Tommyknockers and Nuclear Energy :: essays research papers

The Tommyknockers and Nuclear Energy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Tommyknockers, a book seemingly about an alien ship buried in a small town in Maine that affects the townspeople, has a much deeper message about humans and our usage of nuclear energy. There is much evidence to confirm that King as strong views on nuclear power and is trying to convey them in the book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  King’s book about himself, On Writing, includes a reference to nuclear war in a passage about his early life. â€Å"I was born in 1947 and we didn’t get our first television until 1958. The first thing I remember watching on it was Robot Monster, a film in which a guy dressed in an ape-suit with a goldfish bowl on his head-Ro-Man, he was called—ran around trying to kill the last survivors of a nuclear war. I felt this was art of quite a high nature.† (34). He later references nuclear superpowers as a fix to overpopulation and a chance to start over (202). Before getting to The Tommyknockers, King seems to have strong ideas about nuclear war. He sees it as the end of the civilization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The word â€Å"nuclear† appears 39 times in The Tommyknockers. The first mention (on page 56) speaks of fear of a power plant during an earthquake. On page 98, one of the main characters, Jim Gardener, thinks to himself â€Å"insanity of nuclear power† and proceeds to ramble on about conspiracies, meltdown cover-ups, and its overall dangers until the end of the chapter on page 114.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Internet article titled with the quote â€Å"†¦late last night and the night before†¦Ã¢â‚¬  has a lot to say about the dangers of nuclear energy being a motif in The Tommyknockers. The author makes the comparison of the way the ship changes people (known as â€Å"The Becoming†) and effects of radiation poisoning. â€Å"The Becoming† also gives people the power to build tremendous technology, such as a super hot water heater or a mind reading typewriter. However, it neglects to give them comprehension of what they are doing. The comparison to nuclear energy there is â€Å"a society of people playing around with powers they don’t understand.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In On Writing, King says â€Å"I don’t believe any novelist, even one who’s written fortyplus books, has too many thematic concerns; I have many interests, but only a few that are deep enough to power novels. These deep interests (I won’t quite call them obsessions) include how difficult it is—perhaps impossible!—to close Pandora’s technobox once it’s open (The Stand, The Tommyknockers, Firestarter) (207)† One can argue however that nuclear energy is potentially one heck of a Pandora’s box.

management :: essays research papers

Introduction: The report is about Teenstuff Magazine. The magazine was established 9years ago in Egypt by Manal El Mahdy to target teenagers in high school and university. Later on the magazine became more tailored to the high school youth. The purpose of the report is to analyze the management of this organization through review of it’s external and internal environment, mission statement and SWOT analysis. Interviews were carried out with the assistant marketing manager Sandra Adel and the distribution manager Yasser Hashem. Aside from the print magazine there is an online one and another Arabic magazine â€Å"Kelmetna†. II-Body: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  External environment: a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  General: From the general environment in the external environment the economic and political dimension are considered to be the most two influential dimensions on the organization. The economic dimension affects a lot of decision in the organization including day to day business especially that the economy in Egypt is unstable. For example when the Egyptian pound was floated and the price of the dollar increased the costs of printing in the magazine increased and the price had to be increased like wise which had a huge effect on the overall organization and customers. Secondly, the effect of political dimension is manifested in the censorship practiced. When, the country is in state of chaos and instability censorship increases. The international dimension doesn’t have a very influential effect because the magazine’s market is mainly Egypt and the online version that aims to target Arabs outside Egypt is new too. There is no worry from the socio-cultural dimension since the maga zine whether content or appearance is highly adaptable to changes in the society. As for the technological dimension, the magazine benefits hugely of course from new developments as long as, its costs is reasonable and affordable by the magazine. For example the editors and designers use Apple computers and special programs for the layout and design of the magazine. b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Task : The magazine is considered a category leader since it’s the first English youth targeting magazine in Egypt and till this moment there is no real direct competition. There is an indirect competition from other magazines such as campus and g-mag. There is only one supplier with whom the magazine deals with; SAHARA printing press. The magazine has a certain quality which only 2 printing press houses in Egypt can achieve, they left IBH because of problems that has to do with the paper binding and deadlines. management :: essays research papers Introduction: The report is about Teenstuff Magazine. The magazine was established 9years ago in Egypt by Manal El Mahdy to target teenagers in high school and university. Later on the magazine became more tailored to the high school youth. The purpose of the report is to analyze the management of this organization through review of it’s external and internal environment, mission statement and SWOT analysis. Interviews were carried out with the assistant marketing manager Sandra Adel and the distribution manager Yasser Hashem. Aside from the print magazine there is an online one and another Arabic magazine â€Å"Kelmetna†. II-Body: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  External environment: a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  General: From the general environment in the external environment the economic and political dimension are considered to be the most two influential dimensions on the organization. The economic dimension affects a lot of decision in the organization including day to day business especially that the economy in Egypt is unstable. For example when the Egyptian pound was floated and the price of the dollar increased the costs of printing in the magazine increased and the price had to be increased like wise which had a huge effect on the overall organization and customers. Secondly, the effect of political dimension is manifested in the censorship practiced. When, the country is in state of chaos and instability censorship increases. The international dimension doesn’t have a very influential effect because the magazine’s market is mainly Egypt and the online version that aims to target Arabs outside Egypt is new too. There is no worry from the socio-cultural dimension since the maga zine whether content or appearance is highly adaptable to changes in the society. As for the technological dimension, the magazine benefits hugely of course from new developments as long as, its costs is reasonable and affordable by the magazine. For example the editors and designers use Apple computers and special programs for the layout and design of the magazine. b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Task : The magazine is considered a category leader since it’s the first English youth targeting magazine in Egypt and till this moment there is no real direct competition. There is an indirect competition from other magazines such as campus and g-mag. There is only one supplier with whom the magazine deals with; SAHARA printing press. The magazine has a certain quality which only 2 printing press houses in Egypt can achieve, they left IBH because of problems that has to do with the paper binding and deadlines.

In what ways has Sainsbury’s gained, kept or lost competitive advantage?

During this assignment we will be trying to find out the ways in which Sainsbury's has gained, kept or lost competitive advantage. Competitive advantage is something that makes a business, like Sainsbury's, better than its competitors such as Tesco or Asda. The ways in which Sainsbury's may have gained, kept or lost competitive advantage is through innovation, reputation and relationships; therefore these are the three factors we will be looking into to discover whether or not they have been able to have competitive advantage within their company. The innovation within the company will come from the introduction of new products and finding new ways of doing things within the company however, it also involves being innovative throughout the whole company and looking at how the employees think. Reputation and relationships come from the company being innovative, for example, if a company introduces new products better than other companies can then they will develop a reputation but they can also develop a reputation by keeping their prices low and appealing to a range of consumers. If a company is able to appeal to a wide range of consumers they are able to gain good relationships with customers, which is what a business needs to be successful. A good company also needs a close relationship with employees and suppliers as without these people a company would find it difficult to be able to run. However it is not only these three aspects that we will be looking at but also how Sainsbury's may add added value, the profit they make and their market research. We will be deciding whether or not Sainsbury's has gained, kept or lost its competitive advantage by undertaking a number of methods to successfully decide how the company has performed. These methods will include primary research, which will involve an interview or questionnaires, and secondary research such as the Sainsbury's website, newspaper articles or company accounts. I feel that Sainsbury's will have lost competitive advantage however by using the research we undertake we will be able to find the answer to our question. Research Findings Competitive advantage is gained through good innovation, a good reputation and good relationships. Since doing research on Sainsbury's we have discovered that they are losing their touch and customers because of mistakes they have made when it comes to innovation. However, through primary research in the form of an interview an employee of Sainsbury's feels that they are still pleasing customers. What innovative products have Sainsbury's introduced? * Nectar Card * Using Accenture * Internet Shopping How do you keep a strong relationship with customers? * All customers who are signed up to Nectar Card and other clubs receive regular newsletters and money-off coupons to show them we care about their custom. How does Sainsbury's feel they add value to their products? * Quality Service * Quality Food What market research does Sainsbury's undertake to keep giving people what they want? * Customers are regularly subject to in store questionnaires that they can fill out to tell us what they want. This helps Sainsbury's know how to please customers and to think how we can achieve this. How do you cope with competition? * Sainsbury's satisfies customers because we know what they want which is due to good market research. We also keep our prices competitively low and make sure that everything we do is of a high standard. Do you feel that you will ever regain enough market share to become market leader? * NO COMMENT How are shareholders taking the slump in share prices? * Any shareholders of Sainsbury's receive quality service from us and all of them are happy and proud to be associated with the Sainsbury's brand. Sainsbury's decided to outsource their IT capability to Accenture1 believing that they would benefit from huge cost savings giving them competitive advantage on their rivals. However, four years later Sainsbury's are losing a large percentage of their market share to rivals like Tesco1. When Accenture was first announced to be taking over Sainsbury's IT, Sir Peter Davis, who was Chief Executive at the time, said he felt that Accenture would ‘help us achieve real competitive advantage and efficiencies quickly and cost effectively.'2 However all this new system has done has send Sainsbury's into a slow deterioration failing to get goods onto shelves, which in turn has meant customers are unable to buy the goods they require. This problem is affecting the impact that Sainsbury's has on the market but they have tried to improve the situation with the introduction of the ‘Nectar Card', which is a card that customers can use to collect points when they purchase goods and in turn the points can be used to buy goods. Internet shopping has also been introduced by Sainsbury's where customers can buy all goods on the net and have them delivered to their door, however this is also an idea favored by Tesco, Waitrose and Asda. Tesco is market leader at the present moment with Asda following closely behind meaning that Sainsbury's is slowly slipping and are making their first ever loss this year3. Sainsbury's is now trying to regain the faith of customers by making sure that any relationship they build is a good and stable one. Sainsbury's aim to ensure that all colleagues have opportunities to develop their abilities and are well rewarded for their contribution to the success of the business. The company feels that if they meet their customers needs effectively by providing the best quality and choice to meet everyday shoppers needs they will thereby be providing shareholders with good, sustainable financial returns. The tactics that Sainsbury's has used to gain, keep or lose competitive advantage have all been discussed above and using this research we now have to decide whether or not the company has been successful in the ways it has used. Discussion Shareholders of Sainsbury's should be disappointed this year as it is the first time they have made a loss which in turn means that all stakeholders will lose out if they decided to sell their shares. It could also have a long term effect on the company because if shareholders decided to sell shares quickly before prices slumped anymore they would be unable to sell them on because people are not going to buy shares of a failing company or any company who has had financial problems in recent years. However if we were to look at the primary research undertaken we would see that an employee of Sainsbury's feels that any stakeholders of Sainsbury's, including shareholders, is happy to be with the company despite it losing money and no longer being market leader. The question asked about market share was passed by the employee but through secondary research we can see that Tesco is market leader and Sainsbury's isn't even in second place showing the rapid decline in peoples faith in the Sainsbury's brand. Sainsbury's are trying to keep competitive advantage through innovation, reputation and relationships but during my primary research we can see that they feel they have introduced innovative products in Internet shopping, Accenture and the Nectar Card. However, many other supermarkets favour Internet shopping which means they are not a monopoly in this market and are far from leading it by looking at their overall market share. Accenture is a system they introduced but has so far failed to work and is causing problems within stores, which means that because goods are failing to get onto shelves customers are deciding to do their shopping somewhere else. Not only has Accenture not been innovative but it has also destroyed relationships with stakeholders of Sainsbury's because they don't have faith in the company when it comes to stocking the goods they want and need. Research shows that Sainsbury's reputation is falling because it seems that Sainsbury's no longer holds a high stake of market share and has been overtaken as market leader. We can also see that the Sainsbury's employee feels relationships with all stakeholders in great with customers receiving regular newsletters and in store questionnaires. This is showing customers that they care but they are still losing custom because of mistakes and newsletters won't stop customers from going elsewhere if they think they'll get a better quality of service, food and value for money. One thing that Sainsbury's does well is appeal to all markets: those with children, single people, the elderly and married couples. The way they are able to do this is because the products sold is the stores are items that everybody needs but then they also have ‘clubs' that are open to different types of people, some of the examples of the clubs are Little Ones Club and Drinks Club. They are use their innovative Nectar Card to appeal to everyone and because you can use them in different stores they appeal to a wider variety of people rather than if they were just for use at Sainsbury's. To appeal to the public Sainsbury's also uses celebrity chef, Jamie Oliver, to advertise its goods, which is a way of bringing in a good reputation and appealing to all markets. If customers think that a celebrity is involved with a brand name they are more likely to use it because a celebrity involved often makes the public think that a place is worthwhile. Sainsbury's is faced with a lot of competition and although they are not market leader at the present they feel they are trying to regain a large chunk of the market share and win customers back. As we discovered during research, Sainsbury's are making their first ever loss this year which means that competitors are able to push further ahead in order to win over customers and make themselves market leader with a huge market share. During the interview with the Sainsbury's employee we can see that they feel the way they feel that Sainsbury's add value is through quality service and food. However through secondary research we found that service was poor due to Accenture as Sainsbury's were unable to get products on shelves as they ran out. This was due to Accenture being a failure to the company and losing them huge money. As the company's service was poor if customers weren't able to get the products they required it is most likely they would have gone to a competitor supermarket, which is why Sainsbury's are no longer market leader. Market research is often carried out in Sainsbury's according to the interview that was undertaken with the employee. They stated that customers of the company are often subject to in store questionnaires and asked what they want, how they feel and what changes they would like to see being made. However if we were to then look at secondary research it seems unlikely that any comments made by customers are actually taken into consideration as food is still unable to get on shelves and once again this shows by the fact that Sainsbury's are making their first ever loss this year. The employee stated that Sainsbury's care about their customers because they say that newsletters are regularly sent out however, we cannot see that what customers think is taken into account as Sainsbury's still seem to be running in the same poor quality way. Conclusion This assignment was to discover whether or not Sainsbury's have gained, kept or lost competitive advantage. To do this we had to do a mixture of primary and secondary research into the way Sainsbury's is run and the way the company is performing at the present moment. Once research was carried out we then discussed it and decided that there were a large number of factors that interconnected to what is felt has lost Sainsbury's competitive advantage. Looking at the discussion where we have analysed the research that was conducted we can see that Sainsbury's are a slowly failing company and this decline has been mostly since the introduction of Accenture. The innovation that Sainsbury's has had, has either been very poor for example Accenture, or has also been favoured by other companies including the current market leader, meaning that Sainsbury's has no competitive edge on other companies. We also saw that Sainsbury's felt that they added value to the company by quality of service and products but as we also saw in the discussion that led nowhere. To read this assignment and the research that was carried out to go with it you would automatically feel that this company was a failing establishment that was going nowhere and was sinking. It is possible that Sainsbury's could turn their misfortune around with help from experts who could help them appeal more to the public and reconstruct the way their stores work for example, once the contract with Accenture has run out do not renew it but until then improve all the other problems associated with failing. Sainsbury's will not become market leader for long time, if at all, if they do make the changes that are needed but to be able to be thought of as a ‘good' supermarket they need to change. Overall, to answer the title question it is evident that Sainsbury's have lost competitive advantage by ways that have been spoken about during research and the discussion and as read above we can see how it is possible for Sainsbury's to change themselves. Appendix During researching into Sainsbury's competitive advantage a telephone call was made to their head office in order for primary research to be carried out. We were transferred to their Corporate Communications Department and when they were asked about the competitive advantage they felt Sainsbury's had gained, kept or lost, we were informed that no information could be given at this time and were directed to the Internet to look for our own research.