Forensic Toxic 5 Human Growth Hormone †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Forensic Toxic 5 Human Growth Hormone. Answer: One of the major challenges facing the regulation of drug use at the 2000 Olympic Games was the detection of substances such as growth hormone. This paper investigates the Human Growth Hormone (HGH) or Somatotropin on brief review of this substance detailing its pharmacological action and a comprehensive discussion of what is considered appropriate approach to somatotropins detection in human specimens. HGH is secreted by the pituitary gland. It shoots growth in children and adolescents. It further helps in the regulation of body fluids, body composition, muscle growth, bone growth, fat and sugar metabolism and function. Somatotropin is a protein-hormone of around one-ninety amino acids which is synthesized and subsequently secreted by somatotrophs cells in anterior pituitary. It plays a key role in controlling various multifaceted physiologic processes such as metabolism and growth (Brouwers et al., 2014). It is further of a substantial interest as a substance or drug in humans. The direct effects physiologically of HGH is that outcome of HGH binding respective receptor on the cells (target). Adipocytes (fat cells) for instance have HGH receptors, and HGH stimulates them to decompose triglyceride as well as suppress their abilities to absorb and amass mingling lipids. The indirect effects physiologically of HGH remain mainly mediated by an insulin-kind growth factor-I (IGF-I). This hormone is secreted from liver alongside other tissues in reaction to HGH. HGHs growth endorsing effects is majorly because of IGF-I working on its corresponding cells (target). In terms of growth effects, the primary role of HGH in the stimulation of the body growth by stimulating liver alongside additional tissues to secret IGF-I. IGF-I subsequently stimulates the proliferation of chondrocytes resulting in growth of bone. HGH has direct effect on growth of bone in stimulating differentiation of chondrocytes. IGF-I is a key player in muscle growth via the stimulation of both proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. IGF-I further stimulates amino acid absorption alongside synthesis of protein in muscles and additional tissues. GH has key metabolic effects on protein, lipids and carbohydrates metabolism (Lewis et al., 2015). In protein metabolism, HGH stimulates protein anabolism in various tissues which is manifested in increased amino acid absorption, surged synthesis of protein and declined protein oxidation. In fat metabolism, HGH boosts the use of fat via the stimulation of triglyceride decomposition as well as oxidation in adipocytes. In carbohyd rate metabolism, HGH serves in the maintenance of blood glucose within a regular level. HGH is usually has anti-insulin since it overwhelms insulin ability to stimulate glucose absorption in the peripheral tissues and boost synthesis of glucose in liver (Van-Helden, Hermsen, Von-Ahsen Bidlingmaier, 2014). Paradoxically, HGH administration stimulates secretion of insulin, culminating in hyperinsulinemia. HGH acts on somatic growth and tissue maintenance. These action are mediated by a secreted protein called IGF-I whose gene expression is swiftly and strongly induced by HGH by unknown means. The use of HGH as a performance enhancing substance in sports has caught public attention. The use of HMH amongst athletes make them feel less tired and hence athletes can perform better. HGH also speeds up and lessens recovery time which benefits athletes irrespective of what sport they are competing in or how long they compete (Fisher, Rosenfeld, Jaron-Mendelson, Amitzi, Koren Hart, 2017). The athletes turn to HGH in hopes that it will keep them looking and feeing youthful. However, experts have warned against such hopes as unfounded. And worse, experts warn that HGH products can be quite harmful to ones body (Gonzalez, Windram, Sathyapalan, Javed, Clark Atkin, 2017). The high uses and abuses of HGH have been acknowledged. The synthetic HGH was developed and subsequently approved in 1985 for particular usage in adults and children by FDA. In kids, HGH injections are approved for the treatment of short stature of unknown triggers and poor growth because of an array of medical causes: HGH deficiency/insufficiency, kids born small for gestational age, chronic kidney disease, Prader-Willi Syndrome and Turners syndrome. Among adults, HGH is approved for: muscle-wasting disease linked to HIV/AIDS, HGH deficiency as a result of rare pituitary tumors and short bowel syndrome. However, the most common HGH usage are never FDA-approved. Certain individuals use HGH, alongside additional performance-boosting substances like anabolic steroids to build muscle as well as enhance athletic performance. But the effect of HGH on athletic performance remains unknown (Deal et al., 2013). Due to the level of HGH in the body which naturally drops with age, the so-called anti-aging specialists have speculated as well as claimed that HGH products might revert age-linked bodily deterioration (Meyer, Burgos-Robles, Liu, Correia Goosens, 2014). However, such claims, also, remain unproven. The HGH use for anti-aging is never FDA-approved. The HGHs side effects and hazards must be understood. The possible HGH side effects entail nerve, muscle or joint pain; swelling because of fluid in tissues (edema); carpal tunnel syndrome; higher levels of cholesterol; and numbness and skin tingling. It can also surge risks of diabetes hence contributing to cancerous tumors growth (Owen, Ma ngelsdorf Kliewer, 2015). HGH is both harmful and beneficial for healthy adults. Studies on healthy adults who take HGH are scarce. Albeit it seems that HGH can boost muscle mass and decrease the body fat levels in healthy elderly (Bennett, 2013). The rise in muscle does not translate into boosted strength. It is never clear if HGH could provide additional benefits to healthy adults. Testing: Both blood and drug test are used to detect the presence of synthetic HGH in body. The urine test is not enough as it cannot detect HGH. Further, HGH presence cannot be detected after 72 hours from time of its use via a blood test. This implies that athletes must undergo through required HGH test like blood test within 72 hours to positively detect HGH. The best approach is for NBA, MLS, NFL, Olympics, MLB, and NCAA to undertake random HGH testing. This will bar athletes from knowing when they will undergo the test. Informing athletes about the dates and time of test will mean, they will stop using supplements leading to misdiagnoses. References Bennett, R. (2013). Growth Hormone Deficiency in Fibromyalgia. Brouwers, B., de Faudeur, G., Osipovich, A. B., Goyvaerts, L., Lemaire, K., Boesmans, L., ... Van Schoors, J. (2014). Impaired islet function in commonly used transgenic mouse lines due to human growth hormone minigene expression. Cell metabolism, 20(6), 979-990. Deal, C. L., Tony, M., Hybye, C., Allen, D. B., Tauber, M., Christiansen, J. S., 2011 Growth Hormone in Prader-Willi Syndrome Clinical Care Guidelines Workshop Participants. (2013). Growth Hormone Research Society workshop summary: consensus guidelines for recombinant human growth hormone therapy in Prader-Willi syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, 98(6), E1072-E1087. Fisher, D. M., Rosenfeld, R. G., Jaron-Mendelson, M., Amitzi, L., Koren, R., Hart, G. (2017). Supplementary Material for: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling of MOD-4023, a Long-Acting Human Growth Hormone, in Growth Hormone Deficiency Children. Gonzalez, S., Windram, J. D., Sathyapalan, T., Javed, Z., Clark, A. L., Atkin, S. L. (2017). Effects of human recombinant growth hormone on exercise capacity, cardiac structure, and cardiac function in patients with adult-onset growth hormone deficiency. Journal of International Medical Research, 0300060517723798. Lewis, A. L., Jordan, F., Patel, T., Jeffery, K., King, G., Savage, M., ... Illum, L. (2015). Intranasal Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Induces IGF-1 Levels Comparable With Subcutaneous Injection With Lower Systemic Exposure to hGH in Healthy Volunteers. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, 100(11), 4364-4371. Meyer, R. M., Burgos-Robles, A., Liu, E., Correia, S. S., Goosens, K. A. (2014). A ghrelingrowth hormone axis drives stress-induced vulnerability to enhanced fear. Molecular psychiatry, 19(12), 1284-1294. Owen, B. M., Mangelsdorf, D. J., Kliewer, S. A. (2015). Tissue-specific actions of the metabolic hormones FGF15/19 and FGF21. Trends in Endocrinology Metabolism, 26(1), 22-29. Van Helden, J., Hermsen, D., Von Ahsen, N., Bidlingmaier, M. (2014). Performance evaluation of a fully automated immunoassay for the detection of human growth hormone on the Elecsys immunoassay system. Clinical laboratory, 60(10), 1641-1651.

Concert Paper free essay sample

Vienna and is said to have been dedicated to his friend Franz Anton Heftiest, Inch is why it is nicknamed Hoverflies. There are four movements to this piece: the first movement is in allegretto in D major, the second In monument, the third in adagio, and the fourth allegro. The concert was very interesting to watch because all of the performers played very well with each other. They all were Intently watching each other when they werent playing and when they were playing they still kept their focus on both the other performers and their music pieces.Before their performance they had a little Q and A session with the audience, which was very Interesting. The audience asked a number of different questions, such as how It was to live life always traveling and how they all managed to get along with each other having to be forced to always be together. We will write a custom essay sample on Concert Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They Informed the audience that they all loved playing and performing all over and that when they were traveling together they seemed to manage how to distant themselves from each other a little so they wouldnt get sick of one another.They also Informed the audience that they loved performing for colleges because of the response they got from the college students, which I was very surprised to hear. They all spoke highly of one another and they also told the audience that If one person was to ever mess up during a performance, another player would help them out which was nice to hear; It showed the advantages of being In a group, or In their case a string quartet. Overall they gave a good performance, they performed Mozart String Quartet No. 20 beautifully and It was ere Interesting to hear their responses o the questions the students asked them.Devoidk. The Alexander String Quartet had four male performers; two of the Inch is why it is nicknamed Heftiest. There are four movements to this piece: the first movement is in allegretto in D major, the second in monument, the third in of the performers played very well with each other. They all were intently watching they had a little Q and A session with the audience, which was very interesting. The audience asked a number of different questions, such as how it was to live life always o always be together.They informed the audience that they all loved playing and one another. They also informed the audience that they loved performing for colleges audience that if one person was to ever mess up during a performance, another player would help them out which was nice to hear; it showed the advantages of being in a group, or in their case a string quartet. Overall they gave a good performance, they performed Mozart String Quartet No. 20 beautifully and it was ere interesting to hear their responses o the questions the students asked them.

Social Business

Introduction A social business is a business which operates under the principle of non-loss, non-dividend basis for the shareholders or business owners with an aim of achieving a certain social objective.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Social Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Social business may be owned by governments, charity organizations or individual owners (Yunus Weber, 2007, p.24). The main objective of a social business is to alleviate poverty through empowering people, especially the less fortunate and the poor with financial resources to do business or through programs which provide them with employment or access to cheaper and affordable goods and services. The shareholders or owners of social business do not get any dividends from the profits made by the business but only their initial contributions to the social business (Yunus Weber, 2007, p.24). In this assignment, focus is on d iscussing social business, its scope and potential in alleviating poverty. Examples of social business to be discussed include the Grameen bank and Grameen Danone businesses both in rural Bangladesh. Discussion Why Social Business The system of capitalism creates two social classes in the society, that is, the haves and the have not’s (Milanović, 2010). The have not’s are the poor, marginalized and oppressed and are subject to exploitation by the haves. The key driving force behind the establishment of social business was therefore the failure of capitalism to take into account the plight of the have not’s in the society.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Professor Yunus’ idea of social business is one that can be explained as a win; win business both for the business owners and the poor in that the business owners help the poor without incurring any losses (Yunus Weber, 2007, p.24). Social business is not charity, because nothing is given for free in social business. The reason why social business does not go the charity way is because charity work only helps in creating dependence syndrome due to lack of sustainability of the programs executed through charity work. Instead of charity work, social business aims at creating a mechanism in which the poor may be helped in a sustainable manner in that the social business makes profits just like conventional businesses, but the profits are used for the expansion of the business to reach out to even more people with the owners of social businesses only recouping their initial amounts which they invest in the social business (Henry, 2011, p.139). The workforce in social business is mainly the poor and less fortunate. They are employed as a strategy of solving the problem of unemployment among the poor. The workforce is treated just like any other. Once the social busin ess makes more profits, the workforce may be given some incentives to motive them to work even harder and better so as to improve the social business. According to Professor Yunus, social business is evaluated not on the amounts of profits it makes but on the social impacts it makes in the society (Yunus Weber, 2007, p.24).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Social Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Scope of Social Business Social business was initially formed with the main objective of helping the poor through financial and educational empowerment programs and environmental protection. Since its inception, it has broadened its scope with an objective of making it a multidisciplinary strategy to poverty alleviation and development. According to Baker in his journal titled â€Å"Social Business-Aims and Scope†, social business goes beyond economic empowerment as envisioned by its founder Prof essor Yunus to include corporate social responsibility, entrepreneurship, globalization, social and technological innovation, transformational marketing, sustainability, wellbeing, volunteerism, and foreign aid (Baker, 2011). The scope of social business as discussed by Baker therefore portrays it as a multidisciplinary approach to poverty alleviation in that it brings on board various disciplines and players together to pool up resources and efforts in order to help the poor through doing business in a sustainable manner. The multidisciplinary approach therefore makes social business all round and increases its ability to fight, eradicate poverty and initiate development (Yunus, 2007). Potential of Social Business in Poverty Alleviation and Development Social business if done properly has got a big potential of alleviating poverty and initiating development. As per the scope discussed above, social business encompasses various players who bring together their financial, technologic al and technical inputs in combined efforts which not only help in poverty eradication but also in improving the living standards of the poor.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If undertaken in the proper manner, social business can go to great lengths in poverty alleviation and development as discussed in the two case studies below. Social Business Case Studies Grameen Danone foods ltd in Bangladesh This is a partnership social business between the Grameen bank of Bangladesh and a company known as Danone. Established in 2006, the objective of the business is to provide nutritious diet to children of rural Bangladesh which is poverty stricken. The two companies agreed to take the initiative due to poverty and malnourishment of children in rural Bangladesh, in which the diet of many children lacks many important dietary components like vitamins, iron, zinc and calcium (Yunus, 2007). The company operates on a no loss, no dividend basis, meaning that the company owners only get back their original contributions while the profits go into the expansion of the business so as to reach out to as many Bangladesh rural children as possible. The company makes special yoghurt which contains high contents of calcium, zinc, iron proteins and vitamins. The milk is sold to rural Bangladesh children at highly subsidized prices making it affordable to many rural Bangladesh citizens. The business started on a small scale but it has witnessed an exponential growth which has seen more and more children improve their health through the consumption of the highly nutritious yoghurt. The business is also expanding and benefiting the local livestock farmers, who work hard to produce milk and sale to the company. The company also employs people from the rural Bangladesh as its workforce. In these ways, it has managed to improve the living standards of the rural Bangladesh people in a sustainable manner (Yunus, 2007). Grameen bank in Bangladesh Grameen bank is a rural based micro credit initiative launched by Professor Yunus in the year 1975 and later established into a microcredit institution by the government of Bangladesh in 1983(Yunus, 2007). It operates in the rural areas of Bangladesh and its main objective is economic empowerment of the rural Bangladesh people. It operates by giving the poor people some loans without any collateral. The loans are given to people who are organized into small groups. The bank does not have legal guidelines regarding loan repayment but rather, it relies on group peer pressure to make the group members repay the loans (Yunus, 2007). The group members practically serve as the collateral in that once a group member defaults repaying the loan, the group members contribute to repay and collect their contributions from the defaulter through their own mechanisms and at their convenience. The bank targets women because of the gender inequalities in Bangladesh which do not give women opportunities to do business. In fact, over 80% of the beneficiaries of the bank services are women from rural communities in Bangladesh. The bank has been growing and its impact has been increasing. This saw it receive a Nobel pe ace award in 2006 together with its founder Professor Mohammed Yunus. It has actually gone to great lengths in empowering poor rural women in rural Bangladesh (Yunus, 2007). Conclusion Social business is a philosophy of fighting poverty through doing business. The idea was initiated by Professor Mohammed Yunus of the Vanderbilt University. The main objective was to take care of the excesses of the capitalistic ideology of doing business, by replacing the capitalistic idea of profit maximization with social maximization. The scope of social business was initially economical and educational empowerment as well as environmental protection, but recently, its scope has been expanded to include other things like corporate social responsibility, entrepreneurship, globalization, social and technological innovation, transformational marketing and sustainability. Social business operates on a no loss, no dividend basis. The profits are used for the expansion of the business so as to reach out to as many people as possible. The success of a social business is not evaluated on the profit margins but on the impact it makes on people as far as poverty alleviation, empowerment and development are concerned (Yunus, 2007). Examples of social businesses which have been a success include the Grameen bank and Grameen Danone food ltd, both in Bangladesh. The Grameen bank aims at empowering people, especially poor rural women economically by giving them loans without collaterals to start small businesses. Since its establishment, the bank has grown and expanded to reach more women each year. As a result of this, the bank received a Nobel peace award in 2006 for its efforts in empowering the poor rural Bangladesh women economically. Grameen Danone foods ltd is a social business owned jointly by Grameen bank and Danone Company. It was established with the objective of improving the health status of rural Bangladesh children through selling highly nutritious milk at subsidized prices. It also provides employment to local people as well as creating a market for the local dairy farmers to sale their milk (Yunus, 2007). The idea of social business is therefore a very healthy one, in that it attempts to bridge the gap between the haves and the have not’s, which is a product of capitalism. Social business ensures that those who are able and willing to help in solving the problems in the society do so in a sustainable manner which does not create dependence syndrome, and therefore can be explained as a win, win business in that the owners of the business get back their initial contributions to the business, as they quench their desire to help others who are less fortunate in the society (Yunus, 2007). References Baker, M.J.(2011). Aims Scope. Web. Henry, C.O.(2011). Avoiding the Fear Trap: Learning to Neutralize and Overcome the Power of Fear. Mustang, OK: Tate Publishing.p.139. Milanović, B.(2010). The Haves and the Have-Nots: A Brief and Idiosyncratic Hi story of Global Inequality. Mustang, OK: Basic Books. Yunus,M., Weber, K.(2007). Creating a World without Poverty: Social Business and the Future of Capitalism. Greater London W6 7JP: Public Affairs Publishers. p.24. Yunus, M.( 25 December 2007).Yunus Business Center: Social Business. Web. This research paper on Social Business was written and submitted by user Jedidiah Rivas to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Critical Analysis Essay Sample Paper in APA Format

Critical Analysis Essay Sample Paper in APA FormatIn order to excel in your course, there are a lot of things that you need to consider and critical analysis essay sample paper in APA format is one of them. It will help you understand what's a good APA essay and how to write one.A lot of students do not know much about the academic writing in their course or what they need to do in order to learn how to write a good academic paper or writing. Students do not want to spend a lot of time and money on academic writing courses since they feel it is unnecessary. They think that if they can just master a few concepts or ideas when it comes to academic writing, they will be able to write an impressive academic essay without the help of a formal writing course.It is important for you to be familiar with the APA format and critical analysis essay sample paper in APA format will help you understand the entire process of writing an academic essay in APA format. A lot of college students are con sidering taking up courses which can help them in order to prepare for their career in their chosen field. There are a lot of institutions that offer these courses that students can choose from so it is important for you to find out the best one.When you are aware of the APA format, then you can also make use of critical analysis essay sample paper in APA format to understand the concepts and ideas that are required to be included in the essay. With this kind of format, you can also have an idea on what a good academic essay will look like and how to write an essay on your topic. In a lot of universities and colleges, they have specific writing courses that students need to participate in as part of their curriculum.The purpose of taking up a writing course is to provide students with the idea on how to write a critical analysis essay sample paper and the full details of how to write an APA. You will be able to take full advantage of the APA format by using critical analysis essay s ample paper in APA format in order to understand the concepts and ideas that you need to include in your essay.For example, when you are analyzing a certain situation or analysis, you will have to write an essay that will clearly point out the points that are being made by the author of the essay. If you find this task challenging, you can also try to write an essay by having yourself in front of a mirror or reading the material that you have read before.By doing this, you will be able to get an idea on how to start your essay and when to stop and when to continue writing. To write an essay successfully, you will need to prepare a list of words that will be used in the introduction, body and conclusion.Writing is the most important aspect of any academic subject, it is an important tool that helps you to understand the concepts and ideas that you need to include in your essay. The format of critical analysis essay sample paper in APA format is easy to follow and you will be able to create a well-written essay with the help of critical analysis essay sample paper in APA format. If you do not have the idea on how to properly write an academic essay or analytical essay, you can try taking up a writing course that will teach you the entire process of writing an academic essay in APA format.

College with free applications

College with free applications If you are getting ready to go through the college application process, you should know that, on average, the fees charged by schools just to submit your application, is $41.00. Obviously, fees vary by institutions, and this figure is only an average. If you are looking to find colleges without application fees, you will be looking a bit. Among pretty prestigious schools, Carleton, Colby and Reed charge no application fee; none of the military academies charge application fees; and you can conduct a Google search to find others that do not as well. The Range of Fees The most prestigious public and private universities have application fees that range from $75 - $90. If you apply to a minimum of 5, which is most often recommended, your costs just to apply, then, will run between $375 and $450. Below these higher fee schools, costs will range from $60 all the way down to $10. And, of course, if you can find schools with no application fee in which you have an interest, apply to them all you have nothing to lose! Lowering the Application Fee Costs There are some steps you can take to get those costs down, if you learn to work the system Decide upon 5 schools that are your top choices. Most if not all will charge an application fee, but well return to this shortly. Locate all schools within your price range and for which you meet the admissions requirements that are free colleges to apply to. Apply to as many as you wish. Many schools have an incentive for students to apply online rather than by mail. Check to see if any of the schools on your list waive the application fee for students who apply online. Many do, so get that online Common Application ready, or learn how to apply online on the colleges website. The number of no application fee colleges for online applications increases every year. Become a negotiator. Negotiation is a great skill to have, and if you have not yet had experience negotiating anything, here is your first chance. What most students dont know is that they can get application fees lowered or waived altogether, in one of two ways: Go to your guidance counselor, and tell him/her that the application fees are just way out of control and that you are having a difficult time coming up with the money to apply to all of the colleges you have identified. Your counselor may have experience contacting schools and explaining financial need and getting those fees waived. You can contact the admissions office of your selected college on your own. Explain that you have financial circumstances that may prevent you from applying because of the fee. Chances are, they will waive it for you. If you think that, once your scores, transcripts, and other information go in, the school may offer you a scholarship, use that to get the fee waived. Give the admissions rep with whom you speak just a bit of basic info your GPA and your ACT or SAT score. That individual may waive the fee on the spot, because s/he wants you to apply. Application fees can be pretty pricey, especially if you are applying to lots of schools. Be sure you check out all of the ways to avoid or reduce those fees as you go through this process.

Become the main attraction Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Become the main attraction - Assignment Example This is beneficial given that an event constitutes of many types of people. The establishment of a conversation with the customers is vita given that it enhances customized learning (Levy, 2010). This in turn leads to development of purchasing behavior. This enhances reliable feedback from the potential customers.an event is a primary source hence a marketer is likely to obtain first-hand information regarding the general view of a particular product. According to Levy (2010), marketing requires that the marketer be focused in the particular product. Additionally, display of the products is important because it contributes in the decision making of the buyers (Levy, 2010). This ensures that customers spend much time with the market. This gives the marketer sufficient time to engage the potential buyers on the benefits of the products. Offering of incentives to customers is a vital factor in attraction of the customers. It is also prudent for marketer to organize the venue of his market in a manner that the traffic of people flows to his point of sale. This enhances many sales because many people are able to see and get firsthand information on the products. This article highlights the essentials of marketing in an event setting. In this regard the market ought to be skillful in marketing his products. The wow marketing factor is essential in event marketing because the addling of the customers is important compared t the product information disseminated to the public. The article also highlights the significance of branding in attracting customers. Branding creates a positive perception among the potential customers. It helps in the making of buying decision making. American Marketing association (2010) asserts that the sales person should give special treatment to the potential customers because the impression created in this process is significant in a buying decision making. A marketer will achieve his

Main Location Criteria for Retail and Service Businesses Research Paper

Main Location Criteria for Retail and Service Businesses - Research Paper Example A careful and wise decision to choose a convenient and right location is critical to building competitive advantages too (Zimmerer, Scarborough and Wilson, 2008, p. 515). Retail stores and restaurants have to be located near to customers so that they can reach to the business easily, whereas manufacturers may find locations remote from the customer base in order to be cost-effective due to the availability of raw materials, availability of labor, taxes, regulation and overhead costs (Pinson and Jinnett, 2006, p. 39). It shows different business enterprises will be influenced by location element differently. Nearness to customers is highly important and critical to creating a competitive advantage for small retail whereas being remote from the customers to take cost-effective advantages is a way to achieve competitive advantage to the large manufacturers. A retail business that attracts a large number of customers due to its nearness to the people will obviously enjoy more advantages than its competitor who is away from customers and finds less number of customers. As Pakroo and Pakroo (2008) emphasized, the entrepreneurs are required to figure out how a particular location selection will or will not contribute to the success of the business and how it makes economic sense (p. 50). The location will make economic sense when it is really going to pay to the entrepreneur and generate more earnings than in the case if the business is located in some other locations. For a real estate business, the best three things are ‘location, location, and location. Katz and Green (2009) hold an opinion that the same is true with a small and service business too (p. 357). Location is meaningful when it is a good location for business so as to attract a number of visitors. Katz and Green (2009) emphasized that a good location is in fact highly dependent on the budget an entrepreneur can afford, the business philosophy and marketing niche he is seeking (p. 357).   Ã‚